Liaison office of Grand Ayatullah Sayyid Ali Al Sistani (L.M.H.L) in London, Europe, North and South America.
Introduction
242. In Wudhu, it is obligatory to wash the face and hands, and to
wipe the front portion of the head and the upper part of two feet.
243. The length of the face should be washed from the upper part of
the forehead, where hair grow, up to the farthest end of the chin, and its
breadth should be washed to the part covered between the thumb and the middle
finger. If even a small part of this area is left out, Wudhu will be void. Thus,
in order to ensure that the prescribed part has been fully washed, one should
also wash a bit of the adjacent parts.
244. If the hands or the face of a person are larger or smaller than
normal, he should observe how people normally wash their faces, and follow
accordingly. Also, if he has hair on part of his forehead, or the frontal part
of his head is bald, he should wash his forehead as is usually washed by the
people.
245. If a person suspects that there is dirt or something else in the
eyebrows, and corners of his eyes, and on his lips, which does not permit water
to reach them, and if that suspicion is reasonable, he should examine it before
performing Wudhu, and re move any such thing if it is there.
246. If the skin of the face is visible from under the hair, one
should make the water reach the skin, but if it is not visible, it is sufficient
to wash the hair, and it is not necessary to make the water reach beneath the
hair.
247. If a person doubts whether his skin is visible from under the
hair of the face or not, he should, as an obligatory precaution, wash his hair,
and also make the water reach the skin.
248. While performing Wudhu, it is not obligatory that one should wash
the inner parts of the nose, nor of the lips and eyes which cannot be seen when
they close. However, in order to ensure that all parts have been washed, it is
obligatory that some portion of these parts (i.e. inner parts of nose, lips and
eyes) are also included.
And if a person did not know how much of the face
should be washed, and does not remember whether he has washed his face
thoroughly in Wudhu already performed, his prayer s will be valid, and there
will be no need to do fresh Wudhu for the ensuing prayers.
249. The face and hands should be washed from above downwards, and if
one washes the opposite way, his Wudhu will be void.
250. If a person makes his hand wet, and passes it over his face and
hands, and if the moisture in the hand is enough to cover both thoroughly, it
will be sufficient. It is not necessary that water flows on the face or the
hands.
251. After washing the face, one should first wash the right hand and
then the left hand, from the elbows to the tips of the fingers.
252. In order to ensure that each elbow has been washed thoroughly,
one should include some portion above the elbow in washing.
253. If before washing his face, a person has washed his hands up to
the wrist, he should, while performing Wudhu, wash them up to the tips of the
fingers, and if he washes them only up to the wrist, his Wudhu is void.
254. While performing Wudhu, it is obligatory to wash the face and the
hands once, and it is recommended to wash them twice. Washing them three or more
times is haraam. As regards to which washing should be treated as the first, it
will depend upon washing the face and hand thoroughly, leaving no room for
precaution, with the niyyat of Wudhu.
So, if he pours water on his face ten
times with the intention of the first washing, there is no harm, but when he
will then wash with the niyyat of Wudhu, it will be called the first time.
Thus, he can go on pouring water on his face several times, and in the final
wash, make the niyyat of Wudhu. But if he follows this procedure, then the face
and the hands should be washed once only, as an obligatory precaution .
255. After washing both the hands, one performing Wudhu should wipe
the front part of his head with the wetness which is in his hand; the
recommended precaution is that he should wipe it with the palm of his right
hand, from the upper part, downwards.
256. The part on which wiping should be performed, is one fourth
frontal part of the head. It is sufficient to wipe as much at any place in this
part of the head, although the recommended precaution is that the length should
be equal to one finger, and its breadth should be equal to three joined
fingers.
257. It is not necessary that the wiping of the head should be
performed on its skin. It is also in order if a man wipes the hair on the front
of his head. However, if the hair are so long that when combed they fall on his
face, or on other parts of his head, he should wipe his hand on the roots of his
hair, or part the hair and wipe the skin.
If a person collects his hair on
the front side of his head, or on other parts of his head and wipes them, or if
he wipes the hair of other places, such a wiping would be void.
258. After wiping the head, one should wipe with the moisture present
in one's hands, one's feet from any toe of the foot up to the joint. As a
recommended precaution, the right foot should be wiped with the right hand, and
the left foot with the left hand.
259. Wiping of the feet can have any breadth, but it is better that
the breadth of the wiping should be equal to three joined fingers, and it is
still better that the wiping of the entire foot is done with the entire hand.
260. As a precaution, at the time of wiping the foot, one should place
one's hand on the toes and then draw it to the joint, or that one should place
the hand on the joint and draw it to the toes. One should not simply place the
whole hand on the foot , and pull it a little.
261. While wiping one's hand and feet, it is necessary to move one's
hand on them, and if the feet and head are moved leaving the hand stationary,
Wudhu would be void. However, there is no harm if the head and feet move
slightly, while the hand is be ing moved for wiping.
262. The parts of wiping should be dry, and if they are so wet that
the wetness of the palm of the hand has no effect on them, the wiping will be
void. However, there is no harm if the wetness on those part is so
insignificant, that the moisture of th e palm overcomes it.
263. If wetness disappears in the palm, it cannot be made wet with
fresh water. In that situation, the person performing Wudhu should obtain
moisture from his beard. If he obtains moisture from any part other than the
beard, it would be improper, and is a matter of Ishkal.
264. If the wetness of palm is just enough for wiping the head, then
as an obligatory precaution, one should wipe the head first, and for the wiping
of feet, the wetness should be obtained from the beard.
265. Wiping performed on socks or shoes is void. But if one is unable
to remove his socks or shoes because of severe cold, or fear of life, or a
robber, the obligatory precaution is that he will wipe on the socks or shoes,
and then perform tayammum also. And if a person is under Taqayya (hiding one's
faith), he can perform wiping on his socks and shoes.
266. If the upper part of his feet is najis, and it cannot also be
washed for wiping, one should perform tayammum.
Wudhu by Immersion (Wudhu Irtimasi)
267. Wudhu by immersion means that one should dip one's face and hands
into water, with the intention of performing Wudhu. And there can be no problem
in performing wiping with the moisture thus acquired, though it is against
precaution.
268. Even while performing Wudhu by immersion, one should wash one's
face and hand downwards from above. Hence, when a person dips his face and hands
in water, with the intention of Wudhu, he should dip his face in water from the
forehead and his hands from elbows.
269. There is no harm in performing Wudhu of some parts by immersion,
and of others in the usual way.
Recommended supplications
270. It has been recommended that a person performing Wudhu should
recite the following supplication when his eyes fall on water: Bismillahi wa
billahi wal hamdu lil lahil lazi ja'alal ma'a tahura wa lam yaj alhu najisa. (I
begin my ablution in the Name of Allah. All praise is due to Allah, Who made
water purifying, and not najis).
While washing the hands before performing Wudhu, one should say: Alla hummaj
alni minat tawwabina waj alni minal mutatah hirin. (O Lord! Make me of those who
repent and purify themselves).
While rinsing the mouth one should say: Alla Humma laq qini hujjati yawma
alqaka wa atliq lisani bizikrika. (O Lord! Dictate to me the principles of faith
on the Day I meet You, and make my tongue fluent with Your remembrance).
While washing the nose one should say: Alla humma la tuharrim 'alaya rihal
jannati waj 'alni mim man yashummu riha ha wa rawha ha wa tiba ha. (O Lord! Do
not deprive me of the fragrance of Paradise, and make me of those who smell its
fragrance and per fume).
While washing the face, one should say: Alla humma bayyiz wajhi yawma
taswaddufihil wujuh wala tusawwid waj hi yawma tabyazzul wujuh. (O Lord! Make my
face bright on the Day when the faces will turn dark. Do not darken my face on
the Day when the face s are bright).
While pouring water over the right elbow, one should say: Alla humma a'tini
kitabi bi yamini wal khulda fil jinani bi yasari wa hasibni hisaban yasira. (O
Lord! Give my book of deeds in my right hand, and a permanent stay in Paradise
on my left, and m ake my reckoning an easy one).
While pouring water over the left elbow, one should say: Alla humma la tutini
kitabi bishimali wala min wara'i zahri wala taj alha maghlu latan ila unuqi wa
a'uzu bika min muqat ta'atin niran. (O Lord! Do not give my book of deeds in my
left hand, n or from behind my back, nor chain it to my neck. I seek refuge in
You from the Hell-fire).
While performing the wiping of the head, one should say: Alla humma
ghashshini bi rahmatika wa barakatika wa 'afwika. (O Lord! Cover me with Your
Mercy, Blessings and Forgiveness).
While performing the wiping of the feet, one should say: Alla humma thabbitni
alas sirati yawma tazillu fihil aqdam. Waj'al sa'yi fi ma yurzika 'anni ya zal
jalali wal ikram. (O Lord! Keep me firm on the Bridge (to Paradise) on the Day
when the feet will slip, and help me in my efforts to do things which will
please You, O' Glorious and Mighty!).
Condition for the validity of Wudhu (13 off)
The following are the conditions for a correct Wudhu:
The first condition is that the water should be Pak, and clean, not
sullied with dirt, even if that dirt is Pak.
The second condition is that the water should be pure, and not mixed.
271. Wudhu performed with najis or mixed water is void,even if one may
not be aware of its being najis, or mixed, or may have forgotten about it. And
if one has offered prayers with that Wudhu, one should repeat that prayers with
a valid Wudhu.
272. If a person does not have any water to perform Wudhu, except that
which is murky with clay, he should perform tayammum if only a short time is
left for prayers; and if he has enough time at his disposal, he should wait till
the water becomes lim pid, and then perform Wudhu with it.
The third condition is that the water should be Mubah
(permissible for use).
273. To perform Wudhu with usurped water, or with water about which
one does not know whether the owner would allow its use, is haraam, and Wudhu
will be void. Furthermore, if the water of Wudhu used for washing face and
hands, falls on usurped land, or if the space in which he performs Wudhu is
usurped, his obligation will be to do tayammum, if he has no other place to go
for Wudhu.
And if another lawful place is available, he should go there for
Wudhu. And if he does Wudhu at the first place, his Wudhu will be valid, but he
will have committed a sin.
274. If a person does not know whether the pool or tank of water of a
madressah has been dedicated to the general public, or exclusively to the
students of madressah, there is no harm in doing Wudhu there, provided that
people usually do so at that pl ace without prohibition.
275. If a person who does not wish to offer prayers in a particular
mosque, is not aware whether its pool has been dedicated to the general public,
or specifically to those who offer prayers in that mosque, he cannot perform
Wudhu with the water of th e pool of that mosque. However, if people who do not
pray in that mosque, usually perform Wudhu there, without any prohibition, he
can perform Wudhu from that pool.
276. Performing Wudhu from the pools of the inns and hotels etc. by
persons who are not residing there, is valid if the other persons who are not
staying there usually perform Wudhu with that water, without being prohibited.
277. There is no harm if a person performs Wudhu in the water flowing
in big canals, even if he does not know whether the owner of that canal would
allow. But, if the owner of the canal prohibits performing Wudhu with that
water, or if he is a minor, or an insane person, then as a recommended
precaution, one should refrain from doing Wudhu in it.
278. If a person forgets that the water has been usurped, and performs
Wudhu with it, his Wudhu is in order. But, if a person has usurped the water
himself, and then forgets about it, his Wudhu with that water will be void.
The fourth condition is that the container of the water, used by
the person concerned for Wudhu, should be Mubah (permissible for use by him).
The fifth condition is that, as an obligatory precaution, the container of
the water used for Wudhu should not be made of gold or silver. The details of
these two rules will follow later.
279. If the water for Wudhu is in a usurped container or is in the
vessels of gold and silver, and there is no other water available, he should
transfer that water lawfully into another container, and then do Wudhu. If he
cannot possibly do that, he s hould perform tayammum.
However, if he has
other water, he should use that for Wudhu. And in either case, if he acts
against the rule and performs Wudhu with the water which is either in a usurped
container, or is made of gold or silver, his wudhu will be in order.
280. A pool of water which has a usurped stone or brick in it, can be
used for Wudhu, if drawing water from it would not in any way amount to using
that brick or stone. If it amounts to that, then drawing water will be haraam,
but Wudhu will be valid.
281. If a pool or a canal is dug in the courtyards of the Shrines of
Imams, or their descendants, which was previously a grave-yard, there is no harm
in performing Wudhu with water of that pool or canal, if he did not know that
land was previously dedicated as a graveyard.
The sixth condition is that parts of the body on which Wudhu is
performed, should be Pak, at the time of washing and wiping.
282. If the place which has been already washed or wiped in Wudhu
becomes najis, before the completion of the Wudhu, it will be deemed valid.
283. If any other part of the body other than the parts of Wudhu is
najis, the Wudhu will be in order. However, if the outlet of urine or excretion
have not been made Pak, the recommended precaution is that one should make them
Pak first, and then perform Wudhu.
284. If any one part of Wudhu was najis, and after performing Wudhu
one doubts whether he washed it before Wudhu or not, his Wudhu will be valid.
But he should wash the part which was najis.
285. If a person has a cut or wound on his face, or hands, and the
blood from it does not stop, and if water is not harmful for him, he should,
after washing the healthy parts of that limb in proper sequence, put the place
of wound or cut in Kurr-water o r running water, and press it a little so that
the blood may stop. Then he should pass his finger on the wound or cut, within
the water, from above downwards, so that water may flow on it. This way his
Wudhu will be in order.
The seventh condition is that the person doing Wudhu should have
sufficient time at his disposal for Wudhu and namaz.
286. If the time is so short that by doing Wudhu, the entire prayers
or a part of it will have to be offered after its time, he should perform
tayammum. But if he feels that the time required for tayammum and Wudhu is
equal, then he should do Wudhu.
287. If a person who should have performed tayammum owing to little
time for namaz at his disposal, performs Wudhu with the niyyat of Qurbat, or for
any Mustahab act, like, reading the holy Qur'an, his Wudhu is in order.
Similarly, his Wudhu will be v alid if he did it for that namaz, as long as it
was not devoid of niyyat of Qurbat.
The eighth condition is that one should perform Wudhu with the
niyyat of Qurbat i.e. to obey the orders of Allah. If, a person performs
Wudhu, for the purpose of cooling himself or for some other purpose, the Wudhu
would be void.
288. It is not necessary that one should utter the niyyat of Wudhu in
words, or think about it in his mind. It is sufficient that all the acts
relating to Wudhu are performed in compliance with the order of Almighty Allah.
The ninth condition is that Wudhu should be performed in the
prescribed sequence, that is, he should first wash his face, then his right
hand and then his left hand, and thereafter, he should wipe his head and then
the feet. As a recommended precaution, he should not wipe both the feet
together. He should wipe the right foot first and then the left.
The tenth condition is that the acts of Wudhu should be done one after the
other, without time gap in between.
289. If there is so much gap between the acts of Wudhu, that it can
not be said that it is being performed in normal succession, Wudhu will be void.
But if there is a justifiable excuse, like water being exhausted or forgetting,
at the time of washing or wiping, he should first ensure that all the preceding
parts which he had washed or wiped have not dried up.
If they have all dried
up, his Wudhu will be void. But if all the parts have not dried up, then his
Wudhu will be in order. For example, while washing his left arm, he finds that
his right arm has dried up, but his face is still wet, his Wudhu will be valid.
290. If a person performs acts of Wudhu consecutively, but the
moisture of the previous parts dries up owing to hot weather, or excessive heat
of the body or any other similar cause, his Wudhu is in order.
291. There is no harm in walking while performing Wudhu. Hence, if
after washing his face and hands, a person walks a few steps and then wipes his
head and feet, his Wudhu is valid.
The eleventh condition is that a person doing Wudhu should wash
his hands and face and wipe his head and feet himself. Hence, if another
person makes him perform Wudhu, or helps him in pouring water over his face,
or hands, or in wiping his head, or feet, his Wudhu is void.
292. If a person cannot perform Wudhu himself, he should appoint
someone to assist him, even if it means washing and wiping jointly. And if that
person demands any payment for that, he should be paid, provided one can afford,
and one does not sustain a ny loss. But he should make niyyat of Wudhu himself,
and should wipe using his own hands.
If the person himself cannot
participate in actually doing Wudhu, and if he must be assisted by another
person, then an obligatory precaution is that both should mak e the niyyat of
Wudhu. Then his assistant will hold his hand, and help him do the wiping. And if
that is not possible, he will take some moisture from his hands, and with that
moisture wipe his hand and feet.
293. One should not obtain assistance in performing those acts of
Wudhu, which one can perform alone.
The twelfth condition is that there should be no constraint
for using water.
294. If a person fears that he will fall ill if he performs Wudhu, or,
if water is used up for Wudhu, no water will be left for drinking, he does not
have to do Wudhu. If he was unaware that water was harmful to him, and he
performed Wudhu, and later on, it turned out to be harmful, his Wudhu will be
void.
295. If one finds that using minimum quantity for washing the face and
the hands properly, will not be harmful, he should do Wudhu by restricting
himself to that quantity of water.
The thirteenth condition is that there should be no impediment
in the way of water reaching the parts of Wudhu.
296. If a person finds that something has stuck to any part of Wudhu,
but doubts whether it will prevent water from reaching there, he should remove
that thing, or pour water under it.
297. Dirt under the fingernails would not affect Wudhu. However, when
the nails are cut, and there remains dirt which prevents water from reaching the
skin, then that dirt must be removed. Moreover, if the nails are unusually long,
the dirt collected beneath the unusual part, ought to be cleansed.
298. If swelling takes place on the face, or hands, or the front part
of the head, or the feet because of being burns or other reason, it will be
sufficient to wash and wipe over the swelling. If there is an opening or hole in
it, it will not be necessary to reach water under the skin.
In fact, if a
part of its skin gets peeled off, it is not at all necessary to pour water under
the unpeeled part. However, at times there is skin which hangs loose after
having peeled off, it should be cut off, or water sh ould be poured underneath.
299. If a person doubts whether something has remained stuck to the
parts of Wudhu, and if it is a doubt which is deemed sensible by the people,
like, a potter doubting whether clay is stuck to his hands after his work, he
should examine and clean his hands by scrubbing etc, till he is sure that there
are no remnants, and that water will reach there.
300. If there is dirt on the part of Wudhu which will not prevent
water reaching the body while washing or wiping, the Wudhu will be in order.
Similarly, if some white lime splashed from the whitewash stays on the body, not
obstructing water from reaching it, Wudhu will be valid. And if one doubts
whether it may obstruct, then one should remove the splashed particles.
301. If a person was aware before performing Wudhu, that on some parts
of Wudhu, there is something which could prevent water from reaching them, but
if he doubts after performing Wudhu whether water reached those parts or not,
his Wudhu will be valid .
302. If on some part of Wudhu, there is an obstruction which at times
allows water to reach the skin and at times does not, and if he doubts after
having performed Wudhu about water having reached the skin, as a recommended
precaution, he should repeat the Wudhu, particularly if he had not been mindful
about ensuring that water reaches.
303. If after Wudhu a person finds something on the parts of Wudhu
which prevents water from reaching the skin, not knowing whether it was present
at the time of Wudhu, or it appeared later, his Wudhu would be in order. But if
he knows that at the ti me of Wudhu he was not bothered about that obstruction,
then the recommended precaution is that he should repeat Wudhu.
304. If a person doubts after Wudhu whether any obstruction was there
or not, his Wudhu will be valid.
Rules regarding Wudhu
305. If a person doubts too often about the acts of Wudhu and its
conditions, like, about water being Pak, or its not being usurped, he should not
pay any heed to such doubt.
306. If a person doubts whether his Wudhu has become void, he should
treat it as valid. But, if he did not perform Istibra (rule no. 73) after
urinating, and performed Wudhu, and thereafter some fluid was discharged about
which he was not sure whether it was urine or something else, his Wudhu will be
void.
307. If a person doubts whether he has performed Wudhu or not, he
should perform Wudhu.
308. If a person is sure that he has performed Wudhu, and has also
committed an act which invalidates Wudhu (e.g. urinating), but does not remember
which happened first, he should act as follows:
If this situation arises before his Namaz, he should perform Wudhu.
If it arises during Namaz, he should break it and perform Wudhu.
If it arises after Namaz, that Namaz will be valid, but for the next
prayers, however, he should perform Wudhu.
309. If after or during Wudhu, a person becomes sure that he has not
washed certain parts or has not wiped them, and if the moisture of the parts
preceding them has dried up due to lapse of time, he should perform Wudhu again.
And if the moisture has not dried up, or has dried up owing to hot weather, or
other similar causes, he should wash or wipe the forgotten part as well as the
parts which follow. Similarly, if during Wudhu he doubts whether he has washed
or wiped a part or not, he should follow the same rule as above.
310. If a person doubts after namaz, whether he performed Wudhu or
not, the prayers offered by him would be in order. As far the next prayers, he
should perform Wudhu.
311. If a person doubts during namaz whether he has performed Wudhu,
his prayers is void, and he should perform Wudhu and then pray.
312. If a person realises after offering prayers, that his Wudhu
became void, but doubts whether it became void before namaz or after, the
prayers offered by him will be deemed in order.
313. If a person suffers from an incontinence, due to which drops of
urine come out continuously, or he is not in a position to control his bowels,
he should act as follows:
If he is sure that at some time during the prayer time, there will be a
respite during which there will be a restraint, then he should perform Wudhu
and namaz at such time.
If during the restraint, he can control his urine or excretion only for
performing Wajib acts of namaz, then he should perform only obligatory acts,
and abandon the Mustahab acts (e.g. Adhan, Iqamah, Qunut etc).
314. If the time of restraint is just enough to allow Wudhu and a part
of namaz, and if he discharges urine or excretion once, or several times during
namaz, then as an obligatory precaution, he should do Wudhu in those moments of
respite and pray.
It will not be necessary for him to renew the Wudhu during
namaz because of discharging urine or excretion, though as a recommended
precaution, he should keep a container by his side, make Wudhu everytime he
discharges, and continue praying. But this last precaution would not apply, if
due to prolonged discharge or renewal of Wudhu, the mode of prayers changes.
315. If there is a continued incontinence, allowing no period of
restraint for Wudhu, or even a part of namaz, then one Wudhu for every namaz
will undoubtedly be enough. In fact, one Wudhu will be enough for several namaz,
except when one commits any extraneous act, invalidating the Wudhu.
However,
it is recommended that he should do a fresh Wudhu for every namaz. But a fresh
Wudhu is not necessary for the Qadha of a forgotten Sajdah, or Tashahhud, nor
for the prayers of Ihtiyat.
316. It is not necessary for a person suffering from continued
incontinence, to pray immediately after Wudhu, although it is better that he
should be quick in offering prayers.
317. It is permissible for a person suffering incontinence to touch
the script of the Qur'an, after Wudhu, even if he is not in the state of namaz.
318. A person who cannot control urine, should use a bag filled with
cotton or some similar device, to protect oneself, and to prevent urine from
reaching other places, and the obligatory precaution is that before every namaz,
he should wash the outlet o f urine which has become najis.
Moreover, a
person who cannot control excretion should, if possible, prevent it from
reaching other parts, at least during the time required for namaz. And the
obligatory precaution is that if no hardship is involved, he should wash the
anus for every prayers.
319. A person who suffers from incontinence should, if possible, try
to restrain himself at least for the duration of namaz, even if may be
difficult. In fact, if his ailment can be treated easily, he should get the
necessary treatment .
320. If a person who suffered incontinence, recovers from the ailment,
it is not necessary for him to repeat those prayers which he offered according
to his religious duty, during the period of his ailment. However, if he recovers
during namaz, he should repeat that prayers, as an obligatory precaution.
321. If a person suffers from an incontinence, which renders him
unable to control passing the wind, he will act according to the rules
applicable to the incontinent persons described in the foregoing.
Things for which Wudhu is obligatory
322. It is obligatory to perform Wudhu for the following six things:
For all obligatory prayers, except Namaz-e-Mayyit. As regards Mustahab
prayers, Wudhu is a condition for their validity.
For the Sajdah and Tashahhud which a person forgot to perform during the
prayers, provided that he invalidated his Wudhu after namaz, and before
performing those forgotten acts. It is not obligatory to perform Wudhu for
Sajdatus sahw.
For the obligatory Tawaf of the holy Ka'bah.
If a person has made a Nadhr, or a solemn pledge, or taken an oath for
Wudhu.
If a person has made a Nadhr, for example, that he would kiss the Holy
Qur'an.
For washing and making Pak the holy Qur'an which has become najis, or for
taking it out from lavatory etc. in which it has fallen, when he becomes
obliged to touch the script of the holy Qur'an with his hand, or some other
part of his body.
But if t he delay by making Wudhu causes further
desecration of the holy Qur'an, one should take it out from lavatory etc., or
make it Pak, without performing Wudhu.
323. It is haraam to touch the script of the holy Qur'an with any part
of one's body, without performing Wudhu. However, there is no harm in touching
the translation of the holy Qur'an, in any language, without Wudhu.
324. It is not obligatory to prevent a child or an insane person from
touching the script of the holy Qur'an. However, if their touching the holy
Qur'an violates its sanctity, they should be prevented from touching it.
325. It is haraam, as an obligatory precaution, to touch the Name of
Allah or His special Attributes without Wudhu, in whichever language they may
have been written. And it is also better not to touch, without Wudhu, the names
of the holy Prophet of Isla m, the holy Imams and Janabe Fatima Zahra (peace be
upon them).
326. If a person performs Wudhu or Ghusl before the time for prayers,
in order to be in state of purity, they will be deemed valid. And even if he
performs Wudhu near the time of namaz, with the niyyat of preparing himself for
namaz, there is no objection.
327. If a person believes that the time for prayers has set in, and
makes the niyyat of Wajib Wudhu, and then realises after performing the Wudhu
that the time for the prayers had not set in, his Wudhu is in order.
328. Wudhu is Mustahab for the following purposes:
Namaz-e-Mayyit.
Visiting the graves.
Entering a mosque.
Entering the Shrines of the holy Prophets and Imams (A.S.).
For reading, writing, or touching the margin or border of the holy Qur'an,
or for keeping it with oneself.
Before going to bed for sleep. It is also Mustahab that a person already
in Wudhu, should perform a fresh Wudhu for every namaz.
If he has performed Wudhu for any one of the above purposes, he can commit
all acts which require Wudhu. For example, he can even pray with that
Wudhu.
Things which invalidate Wudhu
329. Wudhu becomes void on account of the following seven things:
Passing of urine.
Excretion.
Passing wind from the rear.
A sleep, deep enough to restrict sight and hearing. However, if the eyes
do not see anything, but the ears can hear, Wudhu does not become void.
Things on account of which a person loses his sensibility, like insanity,
intoxication or unconsciousness.
Istihaza – which will be dealt with later.
Janabat, and, as a recommended precaution, every state which requires
Ghusl.
Jabira Wudhu
The splint with which a wound or a fractured bone is bandaged or held tight
and the medication applied to a wound etc. is called jabira.
330. If there is a wound, or sore, or a fractured bone in the parts on
which Wudhu is performed, and if it is not bandaged, then one should perform
Wudhu in the usual manner, if the use of water is not harmful.
331. If there is an unbandaged wound, sore, or broken bone in one's
face or hands, and if the use of water is harmful for it, one should wash the
parts adjoining the wound from above downwards, in the usual manner of Wudhu.
And it is better to pass wet h and on it, if it is not harmful to do so.
Therefore, he should place a Pak piece of cloth on it, and pass a wet hand over
that cloth. But in the case of a fracture, tayammum must be performed.
332. If there is an unbandaged wound, or sore or fractured bone on the
front part of the head, or on the feet, and he cannot wipe it, because the wound
has covered the entire part of wiping, or if he cannot wipe even the healthy
parts, then it is nece ssary for him to do tayammum.
And as a recommended
precaution, he should also perform Wudhu, keeping a piece of Pak cloth on the
wound etc. and wipe that cloth with the moisture of Wudhu in his hands.
333. If the sore, or wound, or fractured bone is bandaged, and if it
is possible to undo it, and if water is not harmful for it, one should untie it
and then do Wudhu, regardless of whether the wound etc. is on his face and
hands, or on the front part of his head or on his feet.
334. If the wound, or sore, or the fractured bone which has been tied
with a splint or a bandage is on the face or the hands of a person, and if
undoing it and pouring water on it is harmful, he should wash the adjacent parts
which is possible to wash, a nd then wipe the Jabira.
335. If it is not possible to untie the bandage of the wound, but the
wound and the bandage on it are Pak, and if it is possible to make water reach
the wound without any harm, water should be made to reach the wound by pouring
from above downward. And i f the wound or its bandage is najis, but it is
possible to wash it, and to make water reach the wound, then he should wash it
and should make water reach the wound at the time of Wudhu. And if water is not
harmful for the wound, but it is not possible to make water reach it, or the
wound is najis and cannot be washed, he should perform tayammum.
336. If the jabira covers some of the parts of Wudhu, then Wudhu
prescribed for Jabira is enough. But if all the parts of Wudhu are totally
covered in Jabira, then, as a precaution, one should do tayammum, and also do
Wudhu as per rules of Jabira.
337. It is not necessary that jabira should be made of things which
are permissible in namaz. For example, if it is of silk, or even of the parts of
an animal whose meat is haraam to eat, it is permissible to perform wiping on
it.
338. If a person has jabira on his palm and fingers, and he passes a
wet hand on it while performing Wudhu, he can do the wiping of his head and feet
with the same wetness.
339. If the jabira has covered the entire surface of the foot, but a
part from the side of the fingers, and a part from the upper side of the foot is
open, one should do wiping on the foot at the open places, and also on the
surface of the jabira.
340. If a person has several jabiras on his face or hands, he should
wash the places between them, and if the jabiras are on the head or on the feet,
he should wipe the places between them. And as for the places where there are
jabiras, he should act acc ordingly to the rules of jabira.
341. If the jabira has covered unusually more space than the size of
the wound, and it is difficult to remove it, then one should perform tayammum,
except when the jabira is at the places of tayammum itself, in which case, it is
necessary that he shou ld perform both Wudhu and tayammum.
And in both the
cases, if it is possible to remove the jabira he should remove it. Then, if the
wound is on the face and hands, he should wash its sides, and if they are on the
head or the feet, he should wipe its corne rs. As for the wounds themselves, he
will act according to the rules of jabira.
342. If there is no wound or fractured bone in the parts of Wudhu, but
the use of water is harmful for some other reason, one should perform tayammum.
343. If a person has got his vein opened on any one of the parts of
Wudhu, and he cannot wash it, he must perform tayammum. But if water is harmful
for it, then he should act as rules of jabira.
344. If something is stuck on the part of Wudhu or Ghusl, and it is
not possible to remove it, or its removal involves unbearable pain, then one
should perform tayammum. But, if the thing which is stuck is a medicine, then
rules relating to jabira wi ll apply to it.
345. In all kinds of Ghusls, except the Ghusl of Mayyit, the jabira
Ghusl is like jabira Wudhu. However, in such cases one should resort to
Ghusl-e-tartibi. If there is a wound, or a sore on the body, then a person has a
choice between Ghusl and tayammum. If he decides to do Ghusl, and if there is no
jabira on the place, the recommended precaution is that he should place a Pak
piece of cloth on the unbandage d wound, or sore, and wipe over that cloth.
However, if there is fractured bone in the body, he should do Ghusl and
should, as a precautionary measure, also perform wiping on the jabira. And if it
is not possible to wipe on the jabira, or if the fractured bone is not in
splint, it is necessary for him to perform tayammum.
346. If the obligation of a person is to do tayammum, and if at some
of the places of tayammum he has wound, sore, or fractured bone, he should
perform jabira tayammum according to the rules of jabira Wudhu.
347. If a person who has to pray with jabira wudhu or jabira Ghusl,
knows that his excuse will not be removed till the end of time for namaz, he can
offer prayers in the prime time. But if he hopes that his excuse will be removed
before the end of nam az time, it is better for him to wait, and if his excuse
is not removed by then, he should offer prayers with jabira Wudhu or jabira
Ghusl.
And if, however, he prayed in the prime time, and his excuse was
removed before the end of namaz time, the recommended precaution is he should
do Wudhu or Ghusl, and repeat the prayers.
348. If a person has to keep his eye lashes stuck together because of
some eye disease, he should perform tayammum.
349. If a person cannot decide whether he should perform tayammum or
jabira Wudhu, the obligatory precaution is that he should perform both.
350. The prayers offered with jabira Wudhu are valid, and that Wudhu
can be valid for later prayers also.