Liaison office of Grand Ayatullah Sayyid Ali Al Sistani (L.M.H.L) in London, Europe, North and South America.
2353. Ariyat means that a person gives his property to another person
for use without asking anything in exchange.
2354. It is not necessary in the case of Ariyat that a formal formula
be pronounced. So, for example, a person gives a dress to someone with the
intention of lending, and he takes it with the intention of borrowing, it is in
order.
2355. Lending a thing which has been usurped, and a thing which
belongs to the lender but its benefit has been assigned to some other person,
like, if it has been given on lease, will be valid only when the owner of the
usurped thing, or the assignee is agreeable to its being lent.
2356. The assignee of any benefit, like a lessee, can lend the object
or property he has leased, to others. But, as a precaution, he cannot give it
into the possession of the borrower without the owner's permission.
2357. If an insane person, or a minor child, or one who is bankrupt,
or a feeble-minded squanderer, lends his property it is not valid. But if, the
guardian of such persons considers it expedient to lend the property under his
guardianship, there is no harm in it. Similarly, if a minor acts as an
intermediary in delivering the lent article to the borrower, there is no
objection.
2358. If a person who has borrowed something is not negligent in its
keep, nor does he go beyond moderation in its use, he will not be responsible if
it is lost or damaged by chance. However, if the two parties stipulate that, the
borrower would be responsible for loss or damage, or if the thing borrowed is
gold or silver and it is lost or damaged, the borrower should compensate for it.
2359. If a person borrows gold or silver and stipulates that if it is
lost or damaged, he will not be responsible, he is not responsible if it is
lost.
2360. If the lender dies, the borrower should give it to the former'
heirs, acting according to rule 2348 in respect of the deposits.
2361. If the lender is incapacitated in such a way that he does not
have any right of disposal or discretion over his property, like, if he becomes
insane or unconscious, the borrower must act in the manner explained in rule
2348 in respect of deposits.
2362. A lender can rescind the transaction as and when he likes, and
the borrower can also do so at any time he wishes.
2363. Lending something which is not halal to use, like, instruments
of amusement and gambling, and utensils of gold and silver for eating or
drinking, or for any other purposes, is void. However, giving them on loan for
the purpose of decoration is permissible, although precaution is that they
should not be given on loan even for this purpose.
2364. Giving on loan a sheep for the use of its milk and wool, and
lending a male animal for mating, is in order.
2365. If a borrower gives the borrowed property to the owner, or to
his agent, or guardian, and thereafter that thing is lost or damaged, the
borrower is not responsible.
But if he takes it to a place without the
permission of its owner, or his agent, or guardian, although it may be a usual
place where the owner usually kept it - for example, if he takes the borrowed
horse to the stable which has been prepared for it by its owner, and ties it
there, and it is lost or destroyed later, or some one destroys it, the borrower
is responsible for it.
2366. If a person lends a Najis thing, and if the situation is like
the one explained in rule 2065, he must inform the borrower about it being
Najis.
2367. If a person has borrowed a thing, he cannot give it to another
person on hire or loan, without the permission of its owner.
2368. If a thing is borrowed, and is then lent to another person with
the permission of its owner, and the first borrower dies or becomes insane, the
second lending does not become invalid.
2369. If a borrower knows that the borrowed property has been usurped,
he should deliver it to its rightful owner, and he cannot give it to the lender.
2370. If a person borrows something about which he knows that it has
been usurped, and utilises it, and then it is lost or damaged while in his
possession, the rightful owner can demand compensation for that thing, and the
benefit derived from it, from him, or from the lender who usurped it. And if he
takes that compensation from the borrower, the borrower cannot claim from the
lender what he has paid to the rightful owner.
2371. If the borrower does not know that the property which he has
borrowed is a usurped one, and it is lost or damaged while it is with him, and
if its owner receives compensation from him, he too, can demand from the lender
what he has paid to the owner. But if the thing borrowed is gold or silver, or
if the person who lent him the property stipulated that if it is lost or damaged
he will have to give him compensation for it, he cannot demand from the lender
the compensation which he gives to the rightful owner of the property.