Liaison office of Grand Ayatullah Sayyid Ali Al Sistani (L.M.H.L) in London, Europe, North and South America.
1697. In the following cases it is obligatory on a person to observe a
qadha fast only and it is not obligatory on him to give a Kaffarah:
If a person is in Janabat during a night of Ramadhan and as detailed in
rule no. 1639 does not wake up from his second sleep till the time of Fajr
prayers.
If he does not commit an act which invalidates a fast but did not make
Niyyat to observe fast, or fasts to show off intends not to fast at all, or
decides to commit an act which invalidates a fast, then as an obligatory
precaution, he must give its qadha.
If he forgets to do Ghusl of Janabat during the month of Ramadhan and
fasts for one or more days in the state of Janabat.
If in the month of Ramadhan, a man without investigating as to whether
Fajr has set in or not commits an act, which invalidates a fast, and it
becomes known later that it was Fajr, he should as a precaution and with the
Niyyat of Qurbat, refrain from committing any further acts which invalidate
the fast, and give its qadha also.
If someone else informs that it is not Fajr yet, and on the basis of his
statement one commits an act which invalidates a fast and it is later found
out that it was Fajr.
If someone informs that it is Fajr and not believing his word or thinking
that the fellow is joking, he commits, without investigating, an act which
invalidates a fast and it becomes known later that it was Fajr.
If a blind person, or any one like him, breaks his fast relying on the
statement of another person, and it is known later that Maghrib had not set
in.
When a person is certain that Maghrib has set in, and breaks his feet
accordingly, and later he learns that it was not Maghrib, he must give
qadha. But if he believed that Maghrib had set in because of cloudy weather,
and broke his fast, and later it became evident that Maghrib had not set in,
he will observe qadha of that fast as a precautionary measure.
When one rinses his mouth with water because it has dried due to thirst
and the water uncontrollably goes down one's throat, qadha has to be given.
Similarly, as a recommended precaution, one should give a qadha if the
mouthwash was for a wudhu for Mustahab prayers, and the water went down the
throat.
But if he forgets that he has kept a fast, or if he does the
mouthwash, not because of thirst, but for a wudhu for an obligatory prayers
and water is uncontrollably swallowed, there will be no qadha.
If a person breaks his fast due to duress, helplessness or taqayyah, he
will observe qadha of the fast, but it is not obligatory on him to give a
Kaffarah.
1698. If a fasting person puts something other than water in his mouth
and it goes down the throat involuntarily, or puts water in his nose and it goes
down involuntarily, it will not be obligatory on him to observe qadha of the
fast.
1699. It is Makrooh to do excessive mouth washing for a fasting
person, and after the mouthwash if he wishes to swallow saliva, it is better
that he spits it out three times before doing so.
1700. If a person knows or feels that if he does a mouthwash water
will seep down his throat involuntarily, he should avoid it. And as an
obligatory precaution, he should avoid the mouthwash if he knows or feels that
water may trickle down his throat due to his own forgetfulness.
1701. If in the month of Ramadhan, a person becomes sure after
investigation that it is not Fajr and commits an act which invalidates a fast,
and it is later known that it was Fajr already, it will not be necessary for him
to offer qadha of that fast.
1702. If a person doubts whether or not Maghrib has set in, he cannot
break his fast. But if he doubts whether or not it is Fajr he can commit, even
before investigation, an act which invalidates a fast.